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USS Monaghan (DD-354)
USS ''Monaghan'' (DD-354) was the last ship built of the ''Farragut''-class destroyer design. She was named for Ensign John R. Monaghan. ''Monaghan'' was laid down on November 21, 1933 at the Boston Navy Yard, and launched on January 9, 1935. She was sponsored by Miss Mary F. Monaghan, niece of Ensign Monaghan, and commissioned on 19 April 1935, with Commander R. R. Thompson in command. During the next few years ''Monaghan'' operated primarily in the North Atlantic, training US Navy personnel who served in World War II. ''Monaghan'' was present during the Pearl Harbor raid on December 7, 1941. She participated in the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Battle of Midway in 1942. Monaghan was sunk in a typhoon east of the Philippines in 1944.
==Pearl Harbor==
On December 7, 1941, ''Monaghan'' was a ready duty destroyer in Pearl Harbor, and at 07:51 was ordered to join , who had just sunk an unidentified submarine off the entrance to Pearl Harbor an hour earlier. Four minutes later, before ''Monaghan'' could get underway, the Japanese air attack began. ''Monaghan'' opened fire, and at 08:27 was underway to join ''Ward'' when notified of the presence of a Ko-hyoteki class midget submarine in the harbor. ''Monaghan'' headed for the trespasser and the captain giving the order to ram. The submarine turned and fired its torpedo at the ''Monaghan''. It missed, passing within 50 yards of the destroyer's starboard side. The ''Monaghan'' rammed it the submarine glancingly, then sank it with two depth charges. Because of the shallowness of the harbor, when the depth charges detonated, the explosions lifted the ''Monaghans stern out of the water. The destroyer then went out of control and smashed into a barge.
She headed on out of the harbor to patrol offshore for the next week, then joined in the attempt to relieve Wake Island, but Wake was captured by the Japanese before ''Lexington's'' force could bring aid. Homeward bound, ''Monaghan,'' with and , made repeated attacks on an enemy submarine, causing it to broach and give off a large oil slick.
Patrol and scouting operations out of Pearl Harbor with the ''Lexington'' group were followed by convoy duty to the west coast and back before Task Force 11 (TF 11), with ''Monaghan'' screening ''Lexington,'' sortied from Pearl Harbor on April 15, 1942, bound for the South Pacific. With the Japanese threatening Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, sea lines of communication to Australia and New Zealand were in peril, and the Navy moved quickly and decisively to block so critical a threat. First action came 4 May when planes from hit Japanese invasion shipping at Tulagi and Gavutu. The two carrier forces now combined upon word that an enemy carrier group had entered the Coral Sea. The opening action of the victory there came 7 May, when American search planes spotted the Japanese occupation force, several transports guarded by the light carrier . ''Lexington'' and ''Yorktown'' planes sank ''Shōhō''. Next day, before the major engagement by aircraft from both American and Japanese heavy carriers, ''Monaghan'' was ordered away from formation to transmit important messages, thus preserving radio silence in the main body. She was then ordered on to search for survivors of and , sunk on the 7th by the Japanese. Since the position of the sinking had been erroneously reported, ''Monaghan'' was unable to carry out a rescue, and sailed on with messages for Nouméa before rejoining TF 16 in time to return to Pearl Harbor 26 May.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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